What is the Process of Producing Merino Wool?
The production of Merino wool is a meticulous process that requires careful attention at each stage. From the shearing of the Merino sheep to the final stages of spinning and weaving, each step impacts the quality of the final product. Here, we explore the key stages involved in the production of Merino wool.
Shearing
The process begins with the shearing of the Merino sheep, typically once a year. Shearing is a skillful task that requires precision to ensure the sheep are not harmed and the wool is cut in a manner that maximizes the length of the fibers. Shearing doesn't hurt the sheep; rather, it's an essential part of their care, preventing them from overheating during the summer months.
Grading and Sorting (Skeirting)
Once sheared, the wool undergoes a process called grading or skirting, where it's sorted based on the quality and uses of different parts of the fleece. Graders examine the wool for its color, length, fineness, and strength. The best quality wool typically comes from the sides and shoulders of the sheep, while lower quality wool is found around the legs and belly.
Cleaning and Scouring
The wool is then cleaned in a process known as scouring to remove impurities such as dirt, grease, and sweat (also known as suint). This is typically done by washing the wool in warm water with a special wool detergent. After cleaning, the wool is dried and baled for transport.
Carding
Following scouring, the wool undergoes carding, a process that disentangles and aligns the fibers to create a continuous web or sliver. The wool is passed through a series of rotating cylinders covered with small wire hooks that tease apart the fibers, preparing them for spinning.
Combing
For finer wools like Merino, the wool is often combed to remove shorter fibers and any remaining impurities. This results in a more uniform and high-quality yarn.
Spinning
The prepared wool fibers, now in a form called roving, are then spun into yarn. The spinning process involves drawing out the roving and adding twist to create a strong, compact yarn. The fineness of the yarn can be adjusted according to the intended use of the wool.
Weaving or Knitting
The final stage in the production of Merino wool is weaving or knitting. In weaving, multiple yarns are interlaced to create a fabric, while in knitting, a single yarn is looped on itself to create a stretchy fabric. The type of process chosen depends on the end-product – whether it's a durable woven wool for suiting or a soft, stretchy knit for a sweater.
From sheep to fabric, the production of Merino wool is a fascinating process that highlights the blend of traditional skills and modern technology. This time-intensive process, along with the superior quality of the wool itself, contributes to the higher price of Merino wool products compared to those made with synthetic fibers. However, the unique properties of Merino wool – its softness, warmth, breathability, and durability – make it well worth the investment.